Site investigation is a systematic process of assessing a specific location's geological, environmental, and structural conditions. It involves collecting data through field surveys, subsurface exploration, and laboratory analysis to understand the site's characteristics. Site investigation serves multiple purposes, including informing construction projects, land development, environmental impact assessments, and infrastructure planning. By comprehensively evaluating factors such as soil composition, groundwater levels, geological features, and potential hazards, site investigation ensures that design decisions are well-informed, risks are minimized, and projects are executed in a manner that aligns with environmental sustainability and safety standards.